In Madagascar, 1.9 million people were living on degrading agricultural land in 2010 - an increase of 27% in a decade, bringing the share of rural residents who inhabit degraded agricultural land up to 14% of the total rural population. Land degradation can severely influence populations' livelihood by restricting people from vital ecosystem services (including food and water), increasing the risk of poverty. During the same time period (2000-2010), the amount of people residing in remote degrading agricultural areas with limited market access increased by 28%, reaching 366 thousand people. This country profile is intended to provide a brief overview of recent studies, assessments and indicators that demonstrate multiple benefits of taking bold actions to achieve Land Degradation Neutrality.